Firefighting is the act of attempting to prevent the spread of and extinguish significant unwanted fires in buildings, vehicles, woodlands, etc. A firefighter suppresses fires to protect lives, property and the environment.

 

Firefighters typically undergo a high degree of technical training. This involves structural firefighting and wild-land firefighting. Specialised training includes aircraft firefighting, shipboard firefighting, aerial firefighting, maritime firefighting, and proximity firefighting.

 

One of the major hazards associated with firefighting operations is the toxic environment created by combustible materials. The four major risks are smoke, oxygen deficiency, elevated temperatures, and poisonous atmospheres.[3] Additional hazards include falls and structural collapse that can exacerbate the problems entailed in a toxic environment. To combat some of these risks, firefighters carry self-contained breathing equipment.

 

The first step in a firefighting operation is reconnaissance to search for the origin of the fire and to identify the specific risks.

 

Fires can be extinguished by water, fuel or oxidant removal, or chemical flame inhibition.

 

Fire fighting system is probably the most important of the building services. as fir fighting aim to protect human life and property, strictly in that order.

 

– a large store of water in tanks, either underground or on the top of the building, called fore storage tanks

– a specialised pumping system

– a large network of pipes ending in either hydrants or sprinklers (nearly all building requires both of these systems)